Anki Deck Changes

Commit: 38cb73cf - chapter 6 cards for 2.1

Author: obrhubr <obrhubr@gmail.com>

Date: 2025-12-22T14:19:33+01:00

Changes: 11 note(s) changed (11 added, 0 modified, 0 deleted)

Note 1: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
The {{c1::set of statements  \(\mathcal{S}\)}} is denoted as a subset of the finite bit strings  \(\Sigma^*\).

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
The {{c1::set of statements  \(\mathcal{S}\)}} is denoted as a subset of the finite bit strings  \(\Sigma^*\).
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Text The {{c1::set of statements&nbsp; \(\mathcal{S}\)}}&nbsp;is denoted as {{c2:: a subset of the finite bit strings&nbsp; \(\Sigma^*\)}}.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 2: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
Every statement \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) is either true or false as assigned by the {{c2:: truth function \(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\) which assigns to each statement it's truth value}}.

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
Every statement \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) is either true or false as assigned by the {{c2:: truth function \(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\) which assigns to each statement it's truth value}}.
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Text Every statement&nbsp;\(s \in \mathcal{S}\)&nbsp;is {{c1:: either true or false}} as assigned by the {{c2:: truth function&nbsp;\(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\)&nbsp;which assigns to each statement it's&nbsp;<b>truth value</b>}}.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 3: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
The truth function \(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\) defines the meaning or semantics in \(\mathcal{S}\).

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
The truth function \(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\) defines the meaning or semantics in \(\mathcal{S}\).
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Text The truth function&nbsp;\(\tau : \mathcal{S} \rightarrow \{0,1\}\)&nbsp;defines the {{c1:: meaning or&nbsp;<i>semantics</i>}} in&nbsp;\(\mathcal{S}\).
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 4: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
{{c2::\(\mathcal{P} \subseteq \Sigma^*\)}} is the set of (syntactic representations of) proof strings

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
{{c2::\(\mathcal{P} \subseteq \Sigma^*\)}} is the set of (syntactic representations of) proof strings
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Text {{c2::\(\mathcal{P} \subseteq \Sigma^*\)}} is the set of {{c1:: (syntactic representations of) proof strings}}.&nbsp;
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 5: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
An element \(p \in \mathcal{P}\) is either a valid proof for a statement \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) or it's not. this is defined by the {{c1:: verification function \(\phi : \mathcal{S} \times \mathcal{P} \rightarrow \{0, 1\}\) }}.

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
An element \(p \in \mathcal{P}\) is either a valid proof for a statement \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) or it's not. this is defined by the {{c1:: verification function \(\phi : \mathcal{S} \times \mathcal{P} \rightarrow \{0, 1\}\) }}.

\(\phi(s, p) = 1\) means that \(p\) is a valid proof for \(s\).
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Text An element&nbsp;\(p \in \mathcal{P}\)&nbsp;is either a valid proof for a statement&nbsp;\(s \in \mathcal{S}\)&nbsp;or it's not. this is defined by the {{c1::&nbsp;<b>verification function</b>&nbsp;\(\phi : \mathcal{S} \times \mathcal{P} \rightarrow \{0, 1\}\)&nbsp;}}.
Extra \(\phi(s, p) = 1\)&nbsp;means that&nbsp;\(p\)&nbsp;is a valid proof for&nbsp;\(s\).
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 6: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system \(\Pi\) is {{c1:: a quadruple \(\Pi = (\mathcal{S, P}, \tau, \phi)\)}}.

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system \(\Pi\) is {{c1:: a quadruple \(\Pi = (\mathcal{S, P}, \tau, \phi)\)}}.
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Text A proof system&nbsp;\(\Pi\)&nbsp;is {{c1:: a quadruple&nbsp;\(\Pi = (\mathcal{S, P}, \tau, \phi)\)}}.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 7: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system is  sound if no false statement has a proof: \(\phi(s, p) = 1 \implies \tau(s) = 1\).

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system is  sound if no false statement has a proof: \(\phi(s, p) = 1 \implies \tau(s) = 1\).

Note that the use of \(\implies\)is not the correct formalism.

For all \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) for which there exists a \(p \in \mathcal{P}\) with \(\phi(s, p) = 1\), we have \(\tau(s) = 1\) is the correct formal definition.
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Text A proof system is {{c2::&nbsp;<b>sound</b>}} if {{c1:: no false statement has a proof:&nbsp;\(\phi(s, p) = 1 \implies \tau(s) = 1\)}}.
Extra <i>Note that the use of&nbsp;</i>\(\implies\)<i>is not the correct formalism.<br></i><br>For all \(s \in \mathcal{S}\)&nbsp;for which there exists a&nbsp;\(p \in \mathcal{P}\)&nbsp;with \(\phi(s, p) = 1\), we have \(\tau(s) = 1\)&nbsp;is the correct formal definition.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 8: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system is  complete if every true statement has a proof: \(\phi(s, p) = 1 \Longleftarrow \tau(s) = 1\).

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
A proof system is  complete if every true statement has a proof: \(\phi(s, p) = 1 \Longleftarrow \tau(s) = 1\).

Note that the use of  \(\Longleftarrow\) is not the correct formalism.
For all \(s \in \mathcal{S}\) with \(\tau(s) = 1\) there exists a \(p \in \mathcal{P}\) such that \(\phi(s, p) = 1\), is the correct formal definition.
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Text A proof system is {{c2::&nbsp;<b>complete</b>}} if {{c1:: every true statement has a proof:&nbsp;\(\phi(s, p) = 1 \Longleftarrow \tau(s) = 1\)}}.
Extra <i>Note that the use of&nbsp;</i> \(\Longleftarrow\)&nbsp;<i>is not the correct formalism.</i><br>For all \(s \in \mathcal{S}\)&nbsp;with&nbsp;\(\tau(s) = 1\)&nbsp;there exists a&nbsp;\(p \in \mathcal{P}\)&nbsp;such that&nbsp;\(\phi(s, p) = 1\), is the correct formal definition.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 9: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
We require that the proof verification function \(\phi\) is efficiently computable, otherwise the proof system is not useful.

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition
We require that the proof verification function \(\phi\) is efficiently computable, otherwise the proof system is not useful.

A proof system is useless if verification is infeasible.
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Text We require that the proof verification function&nbsp;\(\phi\)&nbsp;is {{c1::efficiently computable}}, otherwise the proof system is not useful.
Extra A proof system is useless if verification is infeasible.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::1._Definition

Note 10: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science
The predicate \(\tau\) defines the {{c1:: set of strings \(L \subseteq \{0, 1\}\) that correspond to true statements}}.

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science
The predicate \(\tau\) defines the {{c1:: set of strings \(L \subseteq \{0, 1\}\) that correspond to true statements}}.
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Text The predicate&nbsp;\(\tau\)&nbsp;defines the {{c1:: set of strings&nbsp;\(L \subseteq \{0, 1\}\)&nbsp;that correspond to true statements}}.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science

Note 11: ETH::DiskMat

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science
\( L = \{s \ | \ \tau(s) = 1\} \) is a set of strings called a formal language. It defines a predicate \(\tau\).

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ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science
\( L = \{s \ | \ \tau(s) = 1\} \) is a set of strings called a formal language. It defines a predicate \(\tau\).
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Text \( L = \{s \ | \ \tau(s) = 1\} \)&nbsp;is a set of strings called a {{c1:: formal language}}. It defines a {{c2:: predicate&nbsp;\(\tau\)}}.
Tags: ETH::1._Semester::DiskMat::6._Logic::2._Introduction::4._Proof_Systems_in_Computer_Science
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